[e-drug] Pharmacokinetics (5)

["Gauda Mahlatsi" <MahlatsiGT@TUT.AC.ZA>]

E-DRUG: Pharmacokinetics (5)
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Dear Colleagues

Let me thank Shu for initiating the discussion. I so find it confusing to have numerous definitions for these terms especially controlled and sustained release. I would therefore, urge whoever responsible for harmonisation of terminology, in this case pharmaceutical terminology, to come up with the universal terminology. So it should not matter in which part of the world a person/pharmacist/pharmaceutical scientist may be if there is internationally agreed terminology.

I must say that there are a number of books listed below, that can help Shu spot the differences between terms controlled and sustained release:

(1)    BALLARD, B.E.  1978.  An overview of prolonged action drug dosage forms. In: Robinson, J.R. (Ed).  Sustained and controlled release drug delivery systems.  Marcel Dekker, INC. New York.  p3

(2)   COLLET AND MORETON. 2002. Modified release dosage forms. In: Aulton, ME. (Ed). Pharmaceutics: The science of dosage forms. Churchill Livingstone, London. pp 289-305

(3)  JANTZEN, G.M. AND ROBINSON, J.R. 2002. Sustained- and Controlled-Release Drug-Delivery Systems. In: Banker, G.S and Rhodes, C.T (Eds). Modern Pharmaceutics. 4th Edition, Revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. pp: 501-528.

(4)   LEE, V.H-L. AND ROBINSON, J.R. 1978. Methods to achieve sustained drug delivery: The physical approach: oral and parenteral dosage forms. In: Robinson, J.R. (Ed). Sustained and controlled release drug delivery systems. Marcel Dekker, INC. New York. p137

(5)  Pharmaceutical Codex

(6)  United State Pharmacopeia

(7) European Pharmacopeia as well as

(8) British Pharmacopeia

For now, while there is no universally agreed or accepted standard terminology the above resources could be used. Additionally science direct has wonderful articles on sustained as well as controlled release. I think we should strive to work towards ensuring that there is no America or European terminologies but establish the one's that are globally accepted.

Thank you


Gauda Timothy Mahlatsi

Pharmaceutical Scientist
Tshwane University of Technology
South Africa
"Gauda Mahlatsi" <MahlatsiGT@TUT.AC.ZA>